How to say what "They Say"

     For this post, I will be analyzing the first three chapters of the book, "They Say, I Say" by Gerald Graff, Cathy Birkenstein, and Russel Durst.
     In chapter one, the book discusses the idea of including what "they say" into your own writing.  This basically means if you are writing a paper about your opinion on a certain topic, you should try and include some of the thoughts of people with opposing views on the same subject.  This will give your paper substance with a reader because they will be able to see why exactly you decided to voice your opinion on a certain topic.
     In chapter two, the book talks about summarizing an opposing view in your paper as a way to display the opposing opinion.  Summarizing is basically taking the general idea of another pice of writing and condensing it down into a paragraph or so.  They stress the use of summarizing because it is an effective and somewhat simple way to elaborate on the opposite view points on your topic.  However, when using these summaries, you need to find a way to connect it back to your own view on the topic or it won't be as effective.
     The third chapter of the book is all about quoting other authors and how that can enhance your piece.  The book argues that in an argument piece, you have to take quotes from authors who have an opposing view point from yours.  You should do this because it allows the reader to actually see what the other side of the argument is instead of having to guess what it is that you are arguing against.  It also urges you to introduce the quotes and explain them so that the reader doesn't have to guess at what they are trying to get at.
     This is my analysis of how to say what, "they say" in your own writing pieces.